The former player: 'I wanted to carry on my rugby career'
Important note: This piece includes descriptions of racially offensive comments and behaviour
FormerEngland player Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to expose racism in professional rugby brought his professional journey to an premature conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the sport, displaying digital communications and remembering training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to retire because of what went on," he told media outlets.
"I really hoped to continue playing, of course I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when news emerged that there were inquiries going on.
"That was difficult - I had to simply accept the fate and understand that this entire situation is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization investigation in April 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "on the balance of probability", but said it could not collect enough proof to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014 and 2015, but was controversially excluded for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to journalists he also encountered discrimination within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him earn 15 caps after his first game in February 2014.
"I've had multiple traumatic experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Some discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the issue that I've myself experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just learn to think that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was eventually motivated to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the elite game and to the introduction of an action plan for the elite level."
"We has given considerable focus on diversity and inclusion in the sport and a great deal of work completed both before and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"We are ongoing work with teams and partners in the professional game to work for a environment of inclusivity but acknowledge this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
Every Premiership and PWR club now has in-person training on building inclusive environments, with its success monitored via individual reports and feedback.
All England athletes, including age-grade squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to step in and defend others from damaging behaviour.
"You be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"I know it has had this impact on you and finished your career, but in our eyes, you have done so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff passed away soon after the production of the film, and his sibling passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the sport more accessible.
His 12 Foundation works to reach young people in disadvantaged communities and support them succeed on and off the field with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and dietary education.
"My personal motivations are genuine, I want to see the progress of the sport and if others is willing to tell their experience then I'll persist to fight that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he said.
"We have an responsibility to make the game as great as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more confident others will become about discussing their personal experiences as well.
"I take the bull by the horns and continue carrying this banner and continue supporting this weight and accomplish what I can to develop opportunities and make the game more appealing and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely believe that rugby has the potential to change their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in November 2022